Chapter 1
Exercise 1
Ecumenical- Promoting unit among religions
Explicitly- Openly and clearly
Aspirations- Goals
Bequeathed- Emphasized, stressed
Exercise 2
Quandary-Doubtful state
Exercise 3
Conjecture- A guess
Exercise 4
Inchoate- Imperfectly formed
Egress- Exit
Internecine- Describing a conflict within a large group
Limned- Represented in words
Chapter 2
Review MC
Mode of Discourse- Exposition
Sentence 1 challenges the validity of a widely accepted idea
Cause/Effect and Examples
Hunter-gatherer societies are not as common as they once were
Anthropologists have studied the San more carefully than other hunter-gatherer societies
Exercise 1
The University as a Microcosm of Society
Unrealistic Expectations in Western Marriages
How a Baby Masters the Skills of Standing
What a Pidgin Language is, and is not
Exercise 2
Look at more examples in the book and retry the ones on the publisher website
Exercise 3
Look at more examples in the book and retry ones on the publisher website
Exercise 4
All Correct
Chapter 3
MC 1
Statement Probably Incorrect
MC 2
All Correct
MC 3
None Correct had to redo all. First time did not get the tone of the author's passage.
MC 4
All Correct
Exercise 1
All Correct
Exercise 2
NP
PA
Exercise 3
All Correct
Exercise 4
PI 3
PI 8
NP 0
Chapter 4
MC Review
Have quite a few problems with deciding on what the relationships are and what is implied. Go over the book examples and such.
Essay Exercises 1-4
I answered all the questions correctly I thought.
Review Essay
I answered this correctly I think and I understood what it was asking me.
Short Answers 1-7
I answered all of the short answer questions to my best. My answers and the feedback that was given to me would be very similar or I would understand my mistakes.
Chapter 5
Essay Exercise 1
1. Spatial; I chose this answer because this passage is describing a mountain scene.
2. Spatial; I chose this answer because this passage is describing a man who found a foot print of another man.
3. Inductive; I chose this answer because this passage is describing important events of an individual’s life and the last sentence/s makes clear that the most important event is when someone is getting married.
4. Deductive; I chose this answer because this passage is describing swimming but the first sentence makes it clear that swimming is a simple sport and the sentences after go into more detail about swimming.
5. Chronological; I chose this answer because this passage describes how the darter fish lays eggs and how the young darter hatch and grow step by step.
6.Deductive; I chose this answer because this passage states in the first sentence that there are differences in lions and tigers and the following sentences go into detail.
Short Answer 1
1. I chose the transition “in addition” because I thought it sounded better than “often as an illustration.”
2. I chose “a conclusion” simply because it matched the answer that I picked for question one. I don’t really understand how the answer is supposed to be a “frequency of time.”
3. I chose “to the right” because the sentence before it had the transition “to the left” so I knew they had to match.
4. I thought this answer was “spatial order” because it is describing a scene but it should have been “chronological order” I can see how it is supposed to be that and not what I chose.
5. I chose the answer “consequently” because I thought it sounded better than “moreover” but I can understand why that is the correct answer.
6. I chose “a conclusion” but I can see why this answer is wrong and why “an additional example” is correct, it was wrong because I answered the question before it wrong.
7. I chose “for instance” because it is listing an example.
8. I chose “listing an example” because that is what this what the sentence is doing; it is going into further detail.
9. I chose “similarly” because this sentence is this sentence is giving another example.
10. I chose “a statement of comparison” because it is giving another example of the sentence before.
11. I chose “in conclusion” because I thought it was concluding the previous sentences but the correct answer was “until then” and I can see how this choice is better than mine.
12. I chose “a concession” because I was going off of my answer I thought that was the closest to my answer. I can see how “time/chronological sequence” goes with the correct answer.
13. I chose “as a case in point” which was the correct answer.
14. I chose an “illustration” because it was giving an example.
15. I chose the answer “as a result” because I thought it sounded the best when I read the sentence. The correct answer is “though” and I can see how this answer is correct.
16. I chose “a conclusion” because it went with the answer on the previous question, which was wrong. I can see how the correct answer should be “a concession” and how it goes the correct previous answer.
17. I chose “in fact” and this was the correct answer for this passage.
18. I chose an “emphasis” which was the correct answer.
19. I chose “unfortunately” which the correct answer for this passage was.
20. I chose “a statement of contrast” which was the correct answer.
Short Answer 2
2. I chose sentences 1 and 5 for explaining the main ideas in the two paragraphs and they were both correct.
4. I chose the transitions “high-flying airplane and airplane circles lower”, both of those answers were correct. These two transitions describe to the reader what the airplane is doing and describe the scene.
8. The two modes of discourse are narration and exposition because the writer is narrating his trip but also informing the reader about the BaMbuti culture.
11. I wrote that Colin Turnbull explained where the BaMbuti lived in case the reader was not familiar with the BaMbuti.
12. I wrote that Kenge thought the buffalo were insects because he had never seen buffalo before from that far of a distance.
Chapter 6
Multiple Choice
All answers were correct
Review MC Exercise
Method of Development- Cause and Effect
Essay Exercise 1
Your Answer: Looked like a three-story building Sounded like a bolt of lightning exploding
Your Answer: When Finnegan compares his ankle leash to a piece of string it suggests that the first wave was extremely strong.
Your Answer: The simile in sentence 3 is meant to emphasize the height of the wave.
Your Answer: What Finnegan means in sentence 12 by the phrase "like some nightmare of gravity" is that the wave was so strong it was able to pull him up to the surface very quickly and easily.
Essay Exercise 2
Your Answer: The first simile that I have found is "like he was behind vines" and this is referring to how his long hair hung in front of his face. The second simile that I have found is "like a lid" which is referring to the top of his hat.
Your Answer: What I can infer about the financial condition of this man is that he must be homeless.
Your Answer: Two facts that can support my inference on the man being homeless is that his clothes are "just rags" and "two of his toes stuck through...his shoes."
Your Answer: The color that is stressed in this paragraph is the color white.
Your Answer: I think the man's attire does complement his physical attributes because the man's clothes are very old and torn up and the way his physical looks are describe makes him sound like he hasn't shaved or had a hair cut in a long time.
Short Answer
Your Answer: "Comely" is to proper sounding and makes this young man sound childish. A better choice would be "handsome."
FeedBack: "Comely" usually refers to attractive young girls, and not to men. Try "handsome" instead.
Your Answer: "Merely" is very negative sounding and sounds like the evangelist doesn't really want to do his crusades. A better choice would be "entirely."
FeedBack: The word here should be "solely" or "only." "Merely" suggests something smaller and less significant.
Your Answer: "Childishness" makes this girl sound "silly". A more appropriate word would be "sound." “I like the word “sound” because I don’t really like having the word “child” in the sentence.
FeedBack: "Childishness" suggests a negative connotation and more typically refers to an adult who behaves like a child. A better phrase would be "a certain childlike quality."
Your Answer: "Brittle" suggests that the vase is old thin. A better word would be "fragile."
FeedBack: "Brittle" suggests that the object will snap easily from pressure; the word is more typically applied to bones. A better choice here would be "fragile."
Your Answer: "Smoothness" suggests that there is nothing at all on the landscape not even grass. A better choice would "bare." I like the word “flatness” instead of “bare” more. I couldn’t figure out a word at the moment that sounded better than “bare” but now that I read the feedback I think I like it better.
FeedBack: Fabric is smooth; a landscape is flat, so "flatness" would be a better choice here.
Your Answer: "Lean suggests that the girl is muscular and "fattened her up" sounds gross and disgusting. “Skinny” and "make her gain weight" would be better substitutes for those word choices.
FeedBack: These words are more appropriately used with animals. For "lean," one might say "thin" or "gaunt." Good food soon helped her put on weight, not fattened her up.
Your Answer: "Spurn" makes it sounds extremely negative and hateful. "Turned down" would be a more appropriate way of saying that.
FeedBack: "Spurn" is generally used to indicate disdainful or scornful rejection, as a woman might do to a suitor whom she has no interest in; its connotative value is too negative for this context. "Reject" or "turn down" would be better choices.
Your Answer: A headache cannot be "healed" because it was never an open wound. "Helped" would be a better choice for this sentence. “Helped” and “relieved” are both great word choices for the replacement of “healed.”
FeedBack: A headache can't be "healed" in the sense that a broken bone or a wound heals. Since it's a temporary condition, the pain of a headache can be "relieved."
Your Answer: "Retort" suggests the person is making a witty remark. A better word choice would be "response." “Response” and “answer” are both great answers and they have the same meaning.
FeedBack: A "retort" is a sharp answer, either out of impatience or out of annoyance, and that connotation doesn't fit the behavior of someone who is quiet and hesitant. A neutral word would be "answer."
Your Answer: "Mannish" does not sound like a proper term. "Masculine" would be a more appropriate word choice.
FeedBack: Interestingly, the word "mannish" usually is reserved for women with masculine qualities (whereas "effeminate" is used to describe men with feminine characteristics). A better word here would be "masculine" or "virile."
Your Answer: "Interrogates" suggests that the person has done something wrong. A better word choice would be "asks."
FeedBack: Police detectives and prosecuting attorneys interrogate; grandma more likely asks you questions about your weekend plans.
Your Answer: "Pined suggests that a person is suffering because of something. A better choice would be "wanted." “Wanted” or “Craves” are both good choices and mean the same thing.
FeedBack: To "pine for" means to long for something from the past; one "craves" a hamburger, perhaps, because it is something to look forward to in the future.
Chapter 7
MC Review Exercise
To live as simply as possible
Essay Exercise 1
Your Answer: Informative is the writer's tone. The writer goes into great detail on what the Mayans looked like; "sloping forehead, prominent curving nose, and full lips."
Your Answer: Complaining, harsh is the writer's tone. The reader can tell that the writer is upset about how he used to be able to bring his well-behaved dog into to the store but now he can't. The phrase that stuck out to me the most was "I resent it."
Your Answer: Sorrowful and mournful is the tone of the writer. The writer starts off by stating when Grace had died. That clearly shows that he is upset about her death and then he goes on to describe the day when she died and the events leading up to it. The writer uses words like "died, suffered, and afraid."
Short Answer1
Topic: the way modes of dominance vary from one species to another
Controlling idea: is an interesting fact
Personal and Familiar
Detached and Objective
Short Answer 2
Wry and Ironically amused
Harshly critical
Chapter 8
Short Answer Exercise 1
Your Answer: Claim of Value Claim of Policy
Claim of policy
Argument:
Your Answer: Increase America's energy production. Exploring how to use National Wildlife Refuges for resources.
Argument The United States should exploit its own natural resources and drill for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
Your Answer: Claim of Fact
Claim of fact
Argument:
Your Answer: The science of biotech is poisoning people through their discoveries.
Fear-mongering, the result of false claims by anti-biotechnology forces, will have disastrous results for less-developed nations.
Your Answer: Claim of Policy
Claim of policy
Your Answer: Only one-quarter of the would-be teachers answered 40 of the 50 multiple-choice questions correctly. Shouldn't state and local officials make sure that teachers know whatever they are supposed to teach.
Argument State and local officials should ensure that teachers are competent in the subjects they teach.
Your Answer: Claim of Policy Claim of Value
Claim of value; Claim of policy
Your Answer: Americans are losing much of their privacy to the government, and having a National ID Card would just be another way of how it is lost.
A national ID card would probably result in some loss of privacy, but the resulting benefits would be worth the exchange.
Type of claim claim of policy
Gays deserve to be treated fairly by state legislatures and continue to receive domestic-partner benefits.
Your Answer: Claim of Policy Claim of Value
Claim of policy:
Your Answer: Arizona legislature brought forth a bill that would have barred counties from offering domestic partner benefits.
Your Answer: People who are seen as gay have yet to be accepted.
Gays deserve to be treated fairly by state legislatures and continue to receive domestic-partner benefits.
Your Answer: Claim of Policy
Claim of policy
Your Answer: British government commission soon may recommend lifting a ban on human cloning for "therapeutic" purposes. Human cloning banned in U.S. by U.S. scientific establishment in 1997.
Human cloning research should be outlawed.
Your Answer: Claim of Policy
Claim of policy
Your Answer: Americans are working a ton more hours than workers in Japan and Germany. Ask most working Americans how things are really going and you'll hear stories of burnout.
Americans' propensity for work long hours needs to be changed.
Short Answer Exercises 2
Your Answer: A Congress person should not be voted for if their moral life is questionable.
FeedBack: Leading a moral life is a prerequisite to being a good political leader.
Your Answer: Stem cells can save people with serious diseases even though some people think embryos are human beings.
FeedBack: The health of people who are already living and who are in need of medical help is more important than that of an embryo that will never exist anyway.
Your Answer: To be healthy one should have a vegetarian diet that includes meat, because eating a lot of red meat is unhealthy.
FeedBack: Diet is essential to good health. We all should want to be healthy.
Your Answer: Ford Taurus are a safe and reliable car.
FeedBack: Consumers in the market for a new car are interested in safety and reliability.
Short Answer Exercise 3
1. Yes, I think that the hijackers knew that they were going to die because they knew that they were going to crash into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.
2. No, official have looked at how Osama Bin Laden and Al Qaeda did their hijackings in the past and saw that they were different, meaning some members of the hijacking team may not have known they were going to die.
3. No, it is hard to find individuals who will go and kill themselves and Al Qaeda found plenty of people to go on the hijackings.
4. Yes, no one is for sure on if the hijackers knew they were going to die or not but some officials do believe that they agreed to die.
5. Yes, some investigators believe that the hijackers agreed to die because of the dedication to the leaders or they were forced.
6. Yes, the four pilots of the hijacked planes and two others acted as the “muscle” of the operation when they reached the U.S., they could’ve not done the operation.
7. No, the belongings of the hijackers included meant for jail time and did not make elaborate farewells to their families.
8. No, the wills of the hijackers were not found and one of the leaders had urged them to bring their wills, as he did.
9. No, there are too many inconsistencies to ignore.
10. Yes, there are many young men that have been trained as terrorists so Al Qaeda should have had no problem finding a young man to go die for their cause.
11. Robert Blitzer, a former FBI counter-terrorism official, says that the young men believed they were going to nirvana for doing this.
12. Yes, the hijackers let the passengers on some of the planes call and talk to their family members, so they knew that they were going to die.
13. Yes, hijackers stabbed some of the passengers on a plane/s whereas normally in a hijacking passengers would not be harmed if demands were going to be met.
14. Yes, if the hijackers did not know they were on a suicide operation then they could have decided to go against the plans but they didn’t.
15. Yes, they must have known from the “get-go” that they were on a suicide mission.
16. No, if the hijackers didn’t know until the last minute then there would be a smaller chance of them compromising the operation and they would go along more willingly.
17. No, Mohamed Rashed Daoud Owhali as supposed to die in his attack but instead he ran away and then was later captured.
18. No, officials say that keeping some of the hijackers in the dark is normal for terrorist groups.
19. No, some of the hijackers did not know about each other until September 11 for example the pilots and the other hijackers abroad.
Now that I have completed my list I tallied up the “yes’s and no’s” and I had nine no’s and ten yes’s. My results came out very close to one another so that makes it had to decide whether or not all the hijackers knew the plan or not. In my opinion I do think that all the hijackers knew to a certain extent that they were going to die.
Chapter 9
Exercise #1
1. The dentist recommends the gum and the use of statistics make it appeal of authority.
2. Most people know who Jerry Seinfeld is making this statement a testimonial.
3. The thought of dying scares individuals which makes this statement appeal to fear.
4. This statement describes how a college has been accepting more minorities making less room for white students, obviously appeal to prejudice.
5. Gary Condit describes how he could go nowhere without the media following him and asking him questions making the reader feel sympathy or pity.
6. This sentence describes how people can find sex offenders online at the police station, causing a since of fear.
7. This sentence talks about gay marriage and how it is accepted in some places but not others, causing a since of appeal of prejudice/tradition.
8. Pilots on strike describe how their replacement could be someone who is not trained accurately, appeal for fear.
9. When the September 11th attacks happened every Congress member voted to go to war except one, bandwagon appeal.
10. This sentence describes how North American Free Trade Agreement would make Americans lose their jobs, causing fear.
11. This statement is describing how the reader should buy china and such at Remember When (a fancy place), flattery.
12. Oliver North and John Poindexter tried to sell arms to Iran and confessed to it saying it was for my country, appeal to patriotism.
13. This sentence is describing a restaurant that’s food is supposed to be like Grandma’s, just plain folks.
14. This sentence is describing Robert Gonzalez who was fired because of not being on time and for being absent even though Robert has a family and other things to pay, appeal to sympathy.
15. Mayor Shelton wanted to build a shopping center where an ocean front which a lot of people did not like, ridicule.
Exercise #2
1. The connection between not taking vitamins and getting a cold is coincidental; post hoc, ergo propter hoc.
2. Senator Snortum may indeed have had an affair, but the issue is the candidate’s positions on the issues; ad hominem argument
3. The soap produce might not get all clothes as clean as the slogan says it will; begging the question.
4. There is no correlation between people who don't relate well to other people are the ones with high blood pressure; post hoc ergo propter hoc.
5. Singling out welfare recipients and cut off their measly benefits when the rich get tax breaks that allow them to shelter huge chunks of their income from the IRS only gives two alternatives, being rich or poor; either-or fallacy.
6. In this short paragraph Bill Clinton tells reporters that the girl is had a so called affair with that he did not really have that much contact with her; evasion.
7. Bill Clinton’s proposal to curb cigarette advertising was a bad idea. Whether to smoke or not is a personal decision, one the government shouldn’t interfere in. Bill Clinton’s had a bad idea; ad hominem.
8. I don’t want to see any American boys die, but we must defend our precious liberties that we fought so hard to attain. To keep America free and such people must die to protect their freedom and rights; evasion.
9. That President Clinton’s reign as a national leader was to be a disastrous one was, after all, clear very early. No one could have known for sure it if was going to be disastrous; begging the question.
10. The ranchers contend that the wolves kill their livestock; the government argues that the wolves play an important role in the area’s ecology. Either way something or bad will come out of having/ not having wolves in Yellow Stone; either-or fallacy.
11. San Francisco Mayor Willie Brown promised during his campaign to do something about the homeless, after he was elected the homeless problem was worse than ever. ad hominem argument.
12. The prosecuting attorney asks the defendant, who has been accused of spousal abuse: so when did you stop beating your wife? The man who is accused has yet to be proven guilty; begging the question.
13. Clothing was being made in sweatshops in Central America under Katy Lee Gifford’s name which was unacceptable but if the workers lost their jobs then they would live even more miserable lives; either-or fallacy.
14. Colleges should not have daycares and the mothers of these children should drop out of school and take care of them; either-or fallacy.
15. Feminism is making women more independent and as a result, they are committing more crimes; false cause.
16. Since the company gave into the Union the production had dropped to an all-time low; post hoc ergo propter.
17. Just because Sweden is a socialist country doesn’t mean that it causes more suicides; false cause.
18. If a murderer is released doesn’t mean that he will commit the same crimes again; begging the question.
Exercise #3
1. This first argument defends one unethical action by citing another one; two wrongs make a right.
2. Getting a second chance would help the individual decide if they did need to be in a higher class or not just like getting a second x-ray would clarify an illness; false analogy.
3. Rounding up homeless people and putting them in shelters could be disastrous; slippery slope fallacy.
4. A person shouldn’t blame other things for when they get a bad grade they should be responsible and accept it; rationalization.
5. J. P. Morgan Financial Services and a pile of soil have nothing in common with one another; false analogy.
6. Democrats and Republicans who try to decided political issues are like two people driving a car it doesn’t work; false analogy.
7. The swimsuit part of the Miss America pageant does not help judges determine if a contestant is healthy; non sequitur.
8. By serving pork and saying pork is higher quality than veal is completely false; rationalization.
9. Teachers who have guns would not stop a massacre from happening at a school, it might help some; false analogy.
10. The government is making laws to try and protect the people’s health not trying to take away freedoms/rights; slippery slope.
11. The wrong doings that political officials should not be compared when talking about each other; two wrongs make a right.
12. The three strikes law and letting career criminals go has nothing to do with one another; non sequitur.
13. Plagiarism is bad because it does not give the author credit; rationalization.
14. The secret service agents would not put the president’s life in danger by talking about the affair that the president was having; rationalization.
15. Giving Japanese Americans money to compensate for putting them in a concentration camp during World War II does not make the situation right; two wrongs make a right.
16. Assisted suicide should be the choice of the individual if they are dying slowly from a chronic disease. This will not make every person who had an imperfection will not be killed because of this law; slippery slope.
17. Having a tobacco company list the contents of cigarettes on the package is to make people aware of what they are smoking and everyone knows that soda and fried chicken are unhealthy but not as unhealthy as cigarettes; false analogy.
18. Promoting executive people’s health insurance and other things is not to make sure they are healthy but to also give them more perks since they are higher up in the workforce; rationalization.
Exercise 1
Ecumenical- Promoting unit among religions
Explicitly- Openly and clearly
Aspirations- Goals
Bequeathed- Emphasized, stressed
Exercise 2
Quandary-Doubtful state
Exercise 3
Conjecture- A guess
Exercise 4
Inchoate- Imperfectly formed
Egress- Exit
Internecine- Describing a conflict within a large group
Limned- Represented in words
Chapter 2
Review MC
Mode of Discourse- Exposition
Sentence 1 challenges the validity of a widely accepted idea
Cause/Effect and Examples
Hunter-gatherer societies are not as common as they once were
Anthropologists have studied the San more carefully than other hunter-gatherer societies
Exercise 1
The University as a Microcosm of Society
Unrealistic Expectations in Western Marriages
How a Baby Masters the Skills of Standing
What a Pidgin Language is, and is not
Exercise 2
Look at more examples in the book and retry the ones on the publisher website
Exercise 3
Look at more examples in the book and retry ones on the publisher website
Exercise 4
All Correct
Chapter 3
MC 1
Statement Probably Incorrect
MC 2
All Correct
MC 3
None Correct had to redo all. First time did not get the tone of the author's passage.
MC 4
All Correct
Exercise 1
All Correct
Exercise 2
NP
PA
Exercise 3
All Correct
Exercise 4
PI 3
PI 8
NP 0
Chapter 4
MC Review
Have quite a few problems with deciding on what the relationships are and what is implied. Go over the book examples and such.
Essay Exercises 1-4
I answered all the questions correctly I thought.
Review Essay
I answered this correctly I think and I understood what it was asking me.
Short Answers 1-7
I answered all of the short answer questions to my best. My answers and the feedback that was given to me would be very similar or I would understand my mistakes.
Chapter 5
Essay Exercise 1
1. Spatial; I chose this answer because this passage is describing a mountain scene.
2. Spatial; I chose this answer because this passage is describing a man who found a foot print of another man.
3. Inductive; I chose this answer because this passage is describing important events of an individual’s life and the last sentence/s makes clear that the most important event is when someone is getting married.
4. Deductive; I chose this answer because this passage is describing swimming but the first sentence makes it clear that swimming is a simple sport and the sentences after go into more detail about swimming.
5. Chronological; I chose this answer because this passage describes how the darter fish lays eggs and how the young darter hatch and grow step by step.
6.Deductive; I chose this answer because this passage states in the first sentence that there are differences in lions and tigers and the following sentences go into detail.
Short Answer 1
1. I chose the transition “in addition” because I thought it sounded better than “often as an illustration.”
2. I chose “a conclusion” simply because it matched the answer that I picked for question one. I don’t really understand how the answer is supposed to be a “frequency of time.”
3. I chose “to the right” because the sentence before it had the transition “to the left” so I knew they had to match.
4. I thought this answer was “spatial order” because it is describing a scene but it should have been “chronological order” I can see how it is supposed to be that and not what I chose.
5. I chose the answer “consequently” because I thought it sounded better than “moreover” but I can understand why that is the correct answer.
6. I chose “a conclusion” but I can see why this answer is wrong and why “an additional example” is correct, it was wrong because I answered the question before it wrong.
7. I chose “for instance” because it is listing an example.
8. I chose “listing an example” because that is what this what the sentence is doing; it is going into further detail.
9. I chose “similarly” because this sentence is this sentence is giving another example.
10. I chose “a statement of comparison” because it is giving another example of the sentence before.
11. I chose “in conclusion” because I thought it was concluding the previous sentences but the correct answer was “until then” and I can see how this choice is better than mine.
12. I chose “a concession” because I was going off of my answer I thought that was the closest to my answer. I can see how “time/chronological sequence” goes with the correct answer.
13. I chose “as a case in point” which was the correct answer.
14. I chose an “illustration” because it was giving an example.
15. I chose the answer “as a result” because I thought it sounded the best when I read the sentence. The correct answer is “though” and I can see how this answer is correct.
16. I chose “a conclusion” because it went with the answer on the previous question, which was wrong. I can see how the correct answer should be “a concession” and how it goes the correct previous answer.
17. I chose “in fact” and this was the correct answer for this passage.
18. I chose an “emphasis” which was the correct answer.
19. I chose “unfortunately” which the correct answer for this passage was.
20. I chose “a statement of contrast” which was the correct answer.
Short Answer 2
2. I chose sentences 1 and 5 for explaining the main ideas in the two paragraphs and they were both correct.
4. I chose the transitions “high-flying airplane and airplane circles lower”, both of those answers were correct. These two transitions describe to the reader what the airplane is doing and describe the scene.
8. The two modes of discourse are narration and exposition because the writer is narrating his trip but also informing the reader about the BaMbuti culture.
11. I wrote that Colin Turnbull explained where the BaMbuti lived in case the reader was not familiar with the BaMbuti.
12. I wrote that Kenge thought the buffalo were insects because he had never seen buffalo before from that far of a distance.
Chapter 6
Multiple Choice
All answers were correct
Review MC Exercise
Method of Development- Cause and Effect
Essay Exercise 1
Your Answer: Looked like a three-story building Sounded like a bolt of lightning exploding
Your Answer: When Finnegan compares his ankle leash to a piece of string it suggests that the first wave was extremely strong.
Your Answer: The simile in sentence 3 is meant to emphasize the height of the wave.
Your Answer: What Finnegan means in sentence 12 by the phrase "like some nightmare of gravity" is that the wave was so strong it was able to pull him up to the surface very quickly and easily.
Essay Exercise 2
Your Answer: The first simile that I have found is "like he was behind vines" and this is referring to how his long hair hung in front of his face. The second simile that I have found is "like a lid" which is referring to the top of his hat.
Your Answer: What I can infer about the financial condition of this man is that he must be homeless.
Your Answer: Two facts that can support my inference on the man being homeless is that his clothes are "just rags" and "two of his toes stuck through...his shoes."
Your Answer: The color that is stressed in this paragraph is the color white.
Your Answer: I think the man's attire does complement his physical attributes because the man's clothes are very old and torn up and the way his physical looks are describe makes him sound like he hasn't shaved or had a hair cut in a long time.
Short Answer
Your Answer: "Comely" is to proper sounding and makes this young man sound childish. A better choice would be "handsome."
FeedBack: "Comely" usually refers to attractive young girls, and not to men. Try "handsome" instead.
Your Answer: "Merely" is very negative sounding and sounds like the evangelist doesn't really want to do his crusades. A better choice would be "entirely."
FeedBack: The word here should be "solely" or "only." "Merely" suggests something smaller and less significant.
Your Answer: "Childishness" makes this girl sound "silly". A more appropriate word would be "sound." “I like the word “sound” because I don’t really like having the word “child” in the sentence.
FeedBack: "Childishness" suggests a negative connotation and more typically refers to an adult who behaves like a child. A better phrase would be "a certain childlike quality."
Your Answer: "Brittle" suggests that the vase is old thin. A better word would be "fragile."
FeedBack: "Brittle" suggests that the object will snap easily from pressure; the word is more typically applied to bones. A better choice here would be "fragile."
Your Answer: "Smoothness" suggests that there is nothing at all on the landscape not even grass. A better choice would "bare." I like the word “flatness” instead of “bare” more. I couldn’t figure out a word at the moment that sounded better than “bare” but now that I read the feedback I think I like it better.
FeedBack: Fabric is smooth; a landscape is flat, so "flatness" would be a better choice here.
Your Answer: "Lean suggests that the girl is muscular and "fattened her up" sounds gross and disgusting. “Skinny” and "make her gain weight" would be better substitutes for those word choices.
FeedBack: These words are more appropriately used with animals. For "lean," one might say "thin" or "gaunt." Good food soon helped her put on weight, not fattened her up.
Your Answer: "Spurn" makes it sounds extremely negative and hateful. "Turned down" would be a more appropriate way of saying that.
FeedBack: "Spurn" is generally used to indicate disdainful or scornful rejection, as a woman might do to a suitor whom she has no interest in; its connotative value is too negative for this context. "Reject" or "turn down" would be better choices.
Your Answer: A headache cannot be "healed" because it was never an open wound. "Helped" would be a better choice for this sentence. “Helped” and “relieved” are both great word choices for the replacement of “healed.”
FeedBack: A headache can't be "healed" in the sense that a broken bone or a wound heals. Since it's a temporary condition, the pain of a headache can be "relieved."
Your Answer: "Retort" suggests the person is making a witty remark. A better word choice would be "response." “Response” and “answer” are both great answers and they have the same meaning.
FeedBack: A "retort" is a sharp answer, either out of impatience or out of annoyance, and that connotation doesn't fit the behavior of someone who is quiet and hesitant. A neutral word would be "answer."
Your Answer: "Mannish" does not sound like a proper term. "Masculine" would be a more appropriate word choice.
FeedBack: Interestingly, the word "mannish" usually is reserved for women with masculine qualities (whereas "effeminate" is used to describe men with feminine characteristics). A better word here would be "masculine" or "virile."
Your Answer: "Interrogates" suggests that the person has done something wrong. A better word choice would be "asks."
FeedBack: Police detectives and prosecuting attorneys interrogate; grandma more likely asks you questions about your weekend plans.
Your Answer: "Pined suggests that a person is suffering because of something. A better choice would be "wanted." “Wanted” or “Craves” are both good choices and mean the same thing.
FeedBack: To "pine for" means to long for something from the past; one "craves" a hamburger, perhaps, because it is something to look forward to in the future.
Chapter 7
MC Review Exercise
To live as simply as possible
Essay Exercise 1
Your Answer: Informative is the writer's tone. The writer goes into great detail on what the Mayans looked like; "sloping forehead, prominent curving nose, and full lips."
Your Answer: Complaining, harsh is the writer's tone. The reader can tell that the writer is upset about how he used to be able to bring his well-behaved dog into to the store but now he can't. The phrase that stuck out to me the most was "I resent it."
Your Answer: Sorrowful and mournful is the tone of the writer. The writer starts off by stating when Grace had died. That clearly shows that he is upset about her death and then he goes on to describe the day when she died and the events leading up to it. The writer uses words like "died, suffered, and afraid."
Short Answer1
Topic: the way modes of dominance vary from one species to another
Controlling idea: is an interesting fact
Personal and Familiar
Detached and Objective
Short Answer 2
Wry and Ironically amused
Harshly critical
Chapter 8
Short Answer Exercise 1
Your Answer: Claim of Value Claim of Policy
Claim of policy
Argument:
Your Answer: Increase America's energy production. Exploring how to use National Wildlife Refuges for resources.
Argument The United States should exploit its own natural resources and drill for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
Your Answer: Claim of Fact
Claim of fact
Argument:
Your Answer: The science of biotech is poisoning people through their discoveries.
Fear-mongering, the result of false claims by anti-biotechnology forces, will have disastrous results for less-developed nations.
Your Answer: Claim of Policy
Claim of policy
Your Answer: Only one-quarter of the would-be teachers answered 40 of the 50 multiple-choice questions correctly. Shouldn't state and local officials make sure that teachers know whatever they are supposed to teach.
Argument State and local officials should ensure that teachers are competent in the subjects they teach.
Your Answer: Claim of Policy Claim of Value
Claim of value; Claim of policy
Your Answer: Americans are losing much of their privacy to the government, and having a National ID Card would just be another way of how it is lost.
A national ID card would probably result in some loss of privacy, but the resulting benefits would be worth the exchange.
Type of claim claim of policy
Gays deserve to be treated fairly by state legislatures and continue to receive domestic-partner benefits.
Your Answer: Claim of Policy Claim of Value
Claim of policy:
Your Answer: Arizona legislature brought forth a bill that would have barred counties from offering domestic partner benefits.
Your Answer: People who are seen as gay have yet to be accepted.
Gays deserve to be treated fairly by state legislatures and continue to receive domestic-partner benefits.
Your Answer: Claim of Policy
Claim of policy
Your Answer: British government commission soon may recommend lifting a ban on human cloning for "therapeutic" purposes. Human cloning banned in U.S. by U.S. scientific establishment in 1997.
Human cloning research should be outlawed.
Your Answer: Claim of Policy
Claim of policy
Your Answer: Americans are working a ton more hours than workers in Japan and Germany. Ask most working Americans how things are really going and you'll hear stories of burnout.
Americans' propensity for work long hours needs to be changed.
Short Answer Exercises 2
Your Answer: A Congress person should not be voted for if their moral life is questionable.
FeedBack: Leading a moral life is a prerequisite to being a good political leader.
Your Answer: Stem cells can save people with serious diseases even though some people think embryos are human beings.
FeedBack: The health of people who are already living and who are in need of medical help is more important than that of an embryo that will never exist anyway.
Your Answer: To be healthy one should have a vegetarian diet that includes meat, because eating a lot of red meat is unhealthy.
FeedBack: Diet is essential to good health. We all should want to be healthy.
Your Answer: Ford Taurus are a safe and reliable car.
FeedBack: Consumers in the market for a new car are interested in safety and reliability.
Short Answer Exercise 3
1. Yes, I think that the hijackers knew that they were going to die because they knew that they were going to crash into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.
2. No, official have looked at how Osama Bin Laden and Al Qaeda did their hijackings in the past and saw that they were different, meaning some members of the hijacking team may not have known they were going to die.
3. No, it is hard to find individuals who will go and kill themselves and Al Qaeda found plenty of people to go on the hijackings.
4. Yes, no one is for sure on if the hijackers knew they were going to die or not but some officials do believe that they agreed to die.
5. Yes, some investigators believe that the hijackers agreed to die because of the dedication to the leaders or they were forced.
6. Yes, the four pilots of the hijacked planes and two others acted as the “muscle” of the operation when they reached the U.S., they could’ve not done the operation.
7. No, the belongings of the hijackers included meant for jail time and did not make elaborate farewells to their families.
8. No, the wills of the hijackers were not found and one of the leaders had urged them to bring their wills, as he did.
9. No, there are too many inconsistencies to ignore.
10. Yes, there are many young men that have been trained as terrorists so Al Qaeda should have had no problem finding a young man to go die for their cause.
11. Robert Blitzer, a former FBI counter-terrorism official, says that the young men believed they were going to nirvana for doing this.
12. Yes, the hijackers let the passengers on some of the planes call and talk to their family members, so they knew that they were going to die.
13. Yes, hijackers stabbed some of the passengers on a plane/s whereas normally in a hijacking passengers would not be harmed if demands were going to be met.
14. Yes, if the hijackers did not know they were on a suicide operation then they could have decided to go against the plans but they didn’t.
15. Yes, they must have known from the “get-go” that they were on a suicide mission.
16. No, if the hijackers didn’t know until the last minute then there would be a smaller chance of them compromising the operation and they would go along more willingly.
17. No, Mohamed Rashed Daoud Owhali as supposed to die in his attack but instead he ran away and then was later captured.
18. No, officials say that keeping some of the hijackers in the dark is normal for terrorist groups.
19. No, some of the hijackers did not know about each other until September 11 for example the pilots and the other hijackers abroad.
Now that I have completed my list I tallied up the “yes’s and no’s” and I had nine no’s and ten yes’s. My results came out very close to one another so that makes it had to decide whether or not all the hijackers knew the plan or not. In my opinion I do think that all the hijackers knew to a certain extent that they were going to die.
Chapter 9
Exercise #1
1. The dentist recommends the gum and the use of statistics make it appeal of authority.
2. Most people know who Jerry Seinfeld is making this statement a testimonial.
3. The thought of dying scares individuals which makes this statement appeal to fear.
4. This statement describes how a college has been accepting more minorities making less room for white students, obviously appeal to prejudice.
5. Gary Condit describes how he could go nowhere without the media following him and asking him questions making the reader feel sympathy or pity.
6. This sentence describes how people can find sex offenders online at the police station, causing a since of fear.
7. This sentence talks about gay marriage and how it is accepted in some places but not others, causing a since of appeal of prejudice/tradition.
8. Pilots on strike describe how their replacement could be someone who is not trained accurately, appeal for fear.
9. When the September 11th attacks happened every Congress member voted to go to war except one, bandwagon appeal.
10. This sentence describes how North American Free Trade Agreement would make Americans lose their jobs, causing fear.
11. This statement is describing how the reader should buy china and such at Remember When (a fancy place), flattery.
12. Oliver North and John Poindexter tried to sell arms to Iran and confessed to it saying it was for my country, appeal to patriotism.
13. This sentence is describing a restaurant that’s food is supposed to be like Grandma’s, just plain folks.
14. This sentence is describing Robert Gonzalez who was fired because of not being on time and for being absent even though Robert has a family and other things to pay, appeal to sympathy.
15. Mayor Shelton wanted to build a shopping center where an ocean front which a lot of people did not like, ridicule.
Exercise #2
1. The connection between not taking vitamins and getting a cold is coincidental; post hoc, ergo propter hoc.
2. Senator Snortum may indeed have had an affair, but the issue is the candidate’s positions on the issues; ad hominem argument
3. The soap produce might not get all clothes as clean as the slogan says it will; begging the question.
4. There is no correlation between people who don't relate well to other people are the ones with high blood pressure; post hoc ergo propter hoc.
5. Singling out welfare recipients and cut off their measly benefits when the rich get tax breaks that allow them to shelter huge chunks of their income from the IRS only gives two alternatives, being rich or poor; either-or fallacy.
6. In this short paragraph Bill Clinton tells reporters that the girl is had a so called affair with that he did not really have that much contact with her; evasion.
7. Bill Clinton’s proposal to curb cigarette advertising was a bad idea. Whether to smoke or not is a personal decision, one the government shouldn’t interfere in. Bill Clinton’s had a bad idea; ad hominem.
8. I don’t want to see any American boys die, but we must defend our precious liberties that we fought so hard to attain. To keep America free and such people must die to protect their freedom and rights; evasion.
9. That President Clinton’s reign as a national leader was to be a disastrous one was, after all, clear very early. No one could have known for sure it if was going to be disastrous; begging the question.
10. The ranchers contend that the wolves kill their livestock; the government argues that the wolves play an important role in the area’s ecology. Either way something or bad will come out of having/ not having wolves in Yellow Stone; either-or fallacy.
11. San Francisco Mayor Willie Brown promised during his campaign to do something about the homeless, after he was elected the homeless problem was worse than ever. ad hominem argument.
12. The prosecuting attorney asks the defendant, who has been accused of spousal abuse: so when did you stop beating your wife? The man who is accused has yet to be proven guilty; begging the question.
13. Clothing was being made in sweatshops in Central America under Katy Lee Gifford’s name which was unacceptable but if the workers lost their jobs then they would live even more miserable lives; either-or fallacy.
14. Colleges should not have daycares and the mothers of these children should drop out of school and take care of them; either-or fallacy.
15. Feminism is making women more independent and as a result, they are committing more crimes; false cause.
16. Since the company gave into the Union the production had dropped to an all-time low; post hoc ergo propter.
17. Just because Sweden is a socialist country doesn’t mean that it causes more suicides; false cause.
18. If a murderer is released doesn’t mean that he will commit the same crimes again; begging the question.
Exercise #3
1. This first argument defends one unethical action by citing another one; two wrongs make a right.
2. Getting a second chance would help the individual decide if they did need to be in a higher class or not just like getting a second x-ray would clarify an illness; false analogy.
3. Rounding up homeless people and putting them in shelters could be disastrous; slippery slope fallacy.
4. A person shouldn’t blame other things for when they get a bad grade they should be responsible and accept it; rationalization.
5. J. P. Morgan Financial Services and a pile of soil have nothing in common with one another; false analogy.
6. Democrats and Republicans who try to decided political issues are like two people driving a car it doesn’t work; false analogy.
7. The swimsuit part of the Miss America pageant does not help judges determine if a contestant is healthy; non sequitur.
8. By serving pork and saying pork is higher quality than veal is completely false; rationalization.
9. Teachers who have guns would not stop a massacre from happening at a school, it might help some; false analogy.
10. The government is making laws to try and protect the people’s health not trying to take away freedoms/rights; slippery slope.
11. The wrong doings that political officials should not be compared when talking about each other; two wrongs make a right.
12. The three strikes law and letting career criminals go has nothing to do with one another; non sequitur.
13. Plagiarism is bad because it does not give the author credit; rationalization.
14. The secret service agents would not put the president’s life in danger by talking about the affair that the president was having; rationalization.
15. Giving Japanese Americans money to compensate for putting them in a concentration camp during World War II does not make the situation right; two wrongs make a right.
16. Assisted suicide should be the choice of the individual if they are dying slowly from a chronic disease. This will not make every person who had an imperfection will not be killed because of this law; slippery slope.
17. Having a tobacco company list the contents of cigarettes on the package is to make people aware of what they are smoking and everyone knows that soda and fried chicken are unhealthy but not as unhealthy as cigarettes; false analogy.
18. Promoting executive people’s health insurance and other things is not to make sure they are healthy but to also give them more perks since they are higher up in the workforce; rationalization.